Demo Scene Research

Publications in Finnish


	Faler, Matti (2001): Johdatus demosceneen. In Sihvonen, Tanja (ed.): Sähköä, Säpinää, Wapinaa: Risteilyjä teknologian kulttuurihistoriassa. Turku: Turun yliopiston historian laitoksen julkaisuja nr. 59. BibTeX
	An Introduction to Demoscene. A student work for a University of Turku course whose papers got published. Considering what it is, a surprisingly clear and well argued introduction, who makes a plausible comparison between the demoscene and graffiti scene. Short extracts of demoscene peoples' speech are also analyzed. Sähköä, Säpinää, Wapinaa could be available in technologically oriented libraries Finland-wide. There is one copy at the main library of Helsinki University of Technology.
	Haavisto, Maija (2001): Diskmagit haastavat lukijan. Enter 7/2001, pp. 72. BibTeX
	Diskmags challenge the reader. An introduction to disk magazines. Apparently aimed for non-scene people but still contains some slang that requires previous knowledge on the culture. Available online at http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a0102122/articles/hugrez02.jpg.
	Inkinen, Sam; Salmi, Markku (1996): Media aseena ja työkaluna - hakkereita, teknohippejä ja koneromantiikkaa uuden median verkoissa. In Tarkka, Minna; Hintikka, Kari A.; Mäkelä, Asko (eds.): Johdatus uuteen mediaan. Edita, pp. 90-91. BibTeX
	Media as a weapon and a tool. In this article there's one-page overview of the demoscene. Demos are presented in the context of special technical subcultures.
	Kauppinen, Jukka (2005): Demoskenen alakulttuurista nousee suomalaisen it:n kärki. Aamulehti 7.7.2005, pp. 20. BibTeX
	The top names of Finnish IT industry rise from the demo scene subculture. Jukka O. Kauppinen is likely the most popular informant when it comes to Finnish microcomputer history research. Here he provides yet another overview of the scene. The tone of the article is quite admiring: the scene is seen as a pre-school for game companies and top positions in the IT industry -- a view that appears in numerous other articles as well.
	Kurki, Riikka (2002): WE ARE! Tutkimus postmodernista identiteetistä sukupuolittuneissa yhteisöissä. Lahti: Lahden ammattikorkeakoulu (Lahti Polytechnic). BibTeX
	A final thesis about postmodern identity in the gender role communities. Draws a comparative analysis between the demoscene and the decoscene, a girls' community that swaps decorative friendshipbooks. Written for the faculty of Multimedia Design in Institute of Design of Lahti polytechnic. Available online at http://www.pingstate.nu/riikka/tutkimus/.
	Lönnblad, Hanna (1997): Kahden tietokonedemon vertaileva analyysi. Musiikin Suunta (Musical Currents). vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 28-34. BibTeX
	A Comparative Analysis of Two Computer Demos, an article that resembles Lönnblad's (1998) final thesis. Available online at http://elektra.helsinki.fi/se/m/0780-0703/19/2/kahdenti.pdf, but you can only open the file at Helsinki University. The author's become married and is now named Hanna Kaivola.
	Lönnblad, Hanna (1998): Tietokonedemot kulttuurina ja musiikin harrastuksen muotona. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto (University of Helsinki). BibTeX
	Computer Demos as Culture and Form of Musical Hobby. A final thesis for the Department of Musicology at Helsinki University. Used to be online, but is nowadays gone; the only copy we know of resides in the library of the corresponding department. The author's become married and is now named Hanna Kaivola.
	Roininen, Tarja (1998): Demoscene: että tietyt aineettomat arvot ja tavat yhdistävät joukkoa ihmisiä. Lapin yliopisto (University of Lapland). BibTeX
	Demoscene - That Certain Immaterial Values and Customs Unite a Group of People. A final thesis for the Audiovisual Media Culture programme in University of Lapland. Roininen has a peculiar starting point for her work: she is the mother of a demo scener who got interested in her son's hobby. The thesis includes a rather comprehensive overview of the scene as well as some analysis on the social side of things. All things considered, Roininen manages to make several exact observations on the scene as an "outsider" but does not get very far from the statements of the informants.
	Saarikoski, Petri (2001a): Valtavirtaa vastaan - Demoscene suomalaisen kotimikroilun historiassa. Lähikuva 3/2001, pp. 54-65. BibTeX
	Against the Mainstream - Demoscene in the History of Finnish Home Computing. A brief article that relates the demoscene to studies of digital art, youth culture, hacker ethics and domestification of home computers. Includes plenty of interesting references most of which we've made available here. Released in the audiovisual culture journal Lähikuva, which should be available in Finnish libraries; we found ours in the Social Science Library of Helsinki University.
	Saarikoski, Petri (2001b): Pioneerien leluista kulutuselektroniikaksi. Suomalainen kotimikroharrastus tietotekniikan murroksessa 1980-luvun alusta 1990-luvun puoliväliin. Turku: Turun yliopisto (University of Turku). BibTeX
	From Pioneers' Toys to Consumer Electronics, the licentiate thesis of Petri Saarikoski. Concerns the Finnish home computer hobby from the early 80's to mid 90's. Available online at http://users.utu.fi/petsaari/lisuri/lisuri.pdf, including the image appendix. This is not altogether about the scene, but section 9, "Against the mainstream" and subsection 10.2, "computer enthousiasts and sub-cultures" definitely are. Section 6, "The outlaws of the computer world" deals with crackers and thus provides additional information on the roots of the Finnish scene.
	Saarikoski, Petri (2004): Koneen lumo. Mikrotietokoneharrastus Suomessa 1970-luvulta 1990-luvun puoliväliin. Turku: Turun yliopisto (University of Turku). BibTeX
	The Charm of the Machine. Computer hobby in Finland from 1970's to mid 1990's. In his PhD thesis Saarikoski presents the history of Finnish computer hobbyists as well as the relevant technical and social factors. Very likely a nostalgic read for people who were involved with home computers in the eighties. In addition to several references to the demo scene there's even a whole section (21 pages) dealing with the subject. This is probably the cheapest place where you can buy the book: http://www.jyu.fi/nykykulttuuri/abstr_fi.htm#83.
	Tasajärvi, Lassi (2003a): Vain muutaman kilotavun tähden. AVEK 2/2003, pp. 38-40. BibTeX
	For the Sake of Couple of Kilobytes is an article written for a publication of The Finnish Promotion Centre for Audiovisual Culture (AVEK). Includes a short history of the scene, endorses the demoskene.katastro.fi exhibition (2003) and introduces tracker software. Written much in the same spirit as Tasajärvi et al (2004) and uses some similar text portions too. Available online at http://www.evenlakestudios.fi/aveklehti0203.pdf.

Publications in English and other languages


	Bertelsons, Boris; Rasch, Matthias; Hoffmann, Jan Erik (1995): PC Underground. Unconventional Programming Topics. Abacus. BibTeX
	This book deals with various "underground programming topics" such as assembly language, VGA register tweaking and copy protection. Originally published in Germany by Data Becker and then in the USA by Abacus. Does not contain any explicit demo references but is obviously influenced by the demo and cracker programming techniques.

	Burger, Boris; Paulovic, Ondrej; Hasan, Milos (2002): Realtime Visualization Methods in the Demoscene. In Proceedings of the Central European Seminar on Computer Graphics 2002, Budmerice, Slovakia, pp. 205-218. BibTeX
	Members of the demo group Peon present the techniques behind their three demos, Dream, Expiration and Symbolic Expression. In addition they provide a brief overview of the demo scene and its development during the years. Available online: http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/studentwork/CESCG/CESCG-2002/BBurger/

	Borzyskowski, George (1996): The Hacker Demo Scene and Its Cultural Artifacts. Curtin University of Technology. BibTeX
	A study conducted for the School of Design at Curtin University of Technology, undertaken from 1992 to 1994. Probably the oldest, and since it has been available online for quite some time, the most referenced work around. We've yet to discover if this is a thesis, but it was presented somewhere called the Cybermind Conference 1996. Borzyskowski draws upon a heavy corpus of 765 demos, but his analysis remains quite vague and all-inclusive. You can read the work online at http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/.
	Huuskonen, Juha (2004): The Art of Defining Software Culture: The Benevolent Dictators of the Read_me Festival. Framework 2/2004, FRAME Finnish Fund for Art Exchange. BibTeX
	In his article Huuskonen brings up the connection between VJ culture, demo scene and underground media art. He even dares to mention that such communities are often closed and self-sufficient: something that's overlooked in most articles written about the scene. The online-version is available here: http://www.framework.fi/2_2004/focus/artikkelit/huuskonen.html.
	Molinari, Maria (2002): Si scrive demo, si legge arte. Hacker Journal 15/2002, pp. 10-13. BibTeX
	A four-page article about the demo scene. Unfortunately this is in Italian only so we can't comment too deeply. Seems to be an ordinary overview of the phenomenon with some connections to hacking and cyberculture. Available online: http://www.dvara.net/HK/HK-Writes/Scenademo.asp
	Nordli, Hege (2003a): The Gathering - Computer Parties as Means for Gender Inclusion. IST-2000-26329 SIGIS, Deliverable Number: D04, 2003. BibTeX
	A sociological study of gender inclusion strategies, conducted at three Gathering parties. The empirical material is a combination of observation and interviews, which Nordli describes mostly in a bottom-up fashion. The paper is a part of the dissertation of Nordli (2003b). Available online at http://www.rcss.ed.ac.uk/sigis/public/displaydoc/full/D04_2.01_NTNU1 after registration.
	Nordli, Hege (2003b): The Net is not Enough: Searching for the Female Hacker. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. BibTeX
	A doctoral dissertation for the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Nordli studied the essence of female computer enthousiasts for a few years and then documented her findings in this dissertation. Not everything in it concerns demo scene, but there's a whole chapter on computer parties for example. She divides the female enthousiasts to three sub-groups: IRC-babes, professionals and geek.grrls that all have their own characteristics. Demo scene has traditionally been a male hobby and here you can find several contributing factors why it is so. On the whole Nordli's work can be seen as a continuation of older hacker studies conducted by Sherry Turkle and Steven Levy.
	Pappalardo, Davide (2004): The Scene and Its Art. University of Catania. BibTeX
	A part of a larger research originally conducted in Italian and then translated to English. First a short introduction to demoscene and then a collection of several influential demos annotated. The style is surprisingly subjective considering it's a scientific publication.
	Polgar, Tamas (2005): Freax. The brief history of the demoscene. Volume 1. CSW Verlag. BibTeX
	The large-scale scene history book by Tomcat/Madwizards. His research started already in 1996 and culminated in this book. The first volume contains the history of Commodore 64 and Amiga scenes. In the book you'll find numerous screen shots, interviews and analysis of important productions and parties. It is especially refreshing to get a glance of the East European scene since it's often been omitted in other histories. To fully comprehend the book you're required to have some prior knowledge of the demo culture already, which was the original goal as well: from sceners to sceners. From a scientific point of view there's a slight problem with the prosaic style since Polgar seldom mentions his sources -- occasionally it's hard to distinguish between hard facts and scene gossip. Regardless of its minor flaws this is currently the scene book and should not be missed by anyone doing research on the subject. Volume 2 about the PC and alternative scenes is planned for 2007.
	Shatz, Phil (1993): Walkthroughs and Flybys CD. Waite Group Press. BibTeX
	A collection of various demo-related things on one CD, accompanied by a book. The great variety of contents can be somewhat confusing: in addition to demos you'll find FLI animations and curious commercial demos. The book on the whole is very catalogue-like and there's very little analysis on any of the topics presented. Suprisingly, Walkthroughs and Flybys was a small-scale bestseller with over 50000 copies sold.
	Shatz, Phil (1994): Modeling the Dream CD. Walkthroughs and Flybys II. Waite Group Press. BibTeX
	A sequel to Shatz's previous book and very similar in content. This time in addition to the demos and animations there is a chapter on 3D Studio.
	Shor, Shirley & Eyal, Aviv (2002): DEMOing :: A new emerging art form or just another digital craft? rhizome.org. BibTeX
	An introductionary article written by the New Yorkian artists Shirley Shor and Aviv Eyals. The authors want to show that demos are unique audio-visual virtual constructs with deep formalistic and aesthetic roots in the computer underground movement of the 80's. In a true demoscene introductionary fashion, the tone of the text is very enthousiastic, but it does make a number of interesting connections e.g. to hiphop culture. The article has been published on the Art-E-Zine rhizome.org. You can read the work online at http://shirley.friskit.com/text/demoing.htm.
	Tasajärvi, Lassi (2003b): demoskene.katastro.fi - The Exhibition. Arsis 1/2003, pp. 9. BibTeX
	A brief introduction to demo culture as a phenomenon plus an ad of the demo exhibition held in Kiasma. Available online at: http://edmund.taiteenkeskustoimikunta.fi/download/Arsis_verkko.pdf?lngDoc_id=835.
	Tasajärvi, Lassi (ed.); Stamnes, Bent; Schustin, Mikael (2004): Demoscene: the Art of Real-Time. Helsinki: Even Lake Studios & katastro.fi. BibTeX
	Declaring itself "THE FIRST BOOK EVER ABOUT THE DEMOSCENE CULTURE!", this book accompanies the Tasajärvi curated demoskene.katastro.fi exhibition (2003). Inside are an introduction to demo culture, a couple of interviews, discussion of tracker software and an article about the Gathering party. Also dubbed "the demoscene art book", the demos explained and screenshots are the same as exhibited, so you'll get to see the works of katastro.fi members' past groups, but that's all. A description is available online at http://www.evenlakestudios.fi/books. There was a planned sequel in Finnish, but according to Tasajärvi, it has been delayed.
	Vigh, David; Polgar, Tamas (2006): Freax Art Album. CSW Verlag. BibTeX
	Continuing the tradition of the original Freax this is a book from sceners to sceners. There's very little text this time -- the book mainly consists of scene art pictures ranging all the way from Commodore 64 disk covers to 24-bit PC graphics. Some knowledge on the underlying platforms and their limitations is necessary to truly comprehend the presented works. The selection of artists and images is naturally a highly delicate matter and you may find a hint of unavoidable nepotism here and there. Nevertheless, Freax Art Album is a worthy collection of images and serves as an interesting cross-section to the styles and themes of different eras.

Related research


	Arrasvuori, Juha (1999): Tietokone soittimena - 'digitaalisen musiikin' lähtökohtia. Teoksessa Järvinen, Aki & Mäyrä, Franz (toim.): Johdatus digitaaliseen kulttuuriin. Tampere: Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu (Tampere Polytechnic) & Osuuskunta Vastapaino. BibTeX
	Computer as Instrument - Starting Points for Digital Music. An introduction to digital music that briefly discusses tracker software in a footnote (see p. 203).
	Aune, Margrethe (1996): The computer in everyday life. Patterns of domestication of a new technology. In Lie, Merete & Sørensen, Knut (eds.): Making Technology Our Own: Domesticating Technology into Everyday Life. Scandinavian University Press. BibTeX
	An article dealing with the domestication of new technology (as the name suggests).
	Bagnall, Brian (2005): On the edge: the spectacular rise and fall of Commodore. Variant Press. BibTeX
	This book could easily be called "Commodore Hackers" -- the style is so similar to Levy's (1994) book. Bagnall takes you through the entire history of Commodore computers ranging from PET to the last Amigas. The book is mostly based on interviews of the former employees such as Chuck Peddle, Bil Herd and R.J. Mical and partly on contemporary magazines. This is not any scientific publication so be aware that many of the opinions stated in the book may be somewhat colored. Nevertheless: the book is a good read and provides extensive insight on its subject.
	Borsook, Paulina (2000): Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech. New York: Public Affairs. BibTeX
	A critical study about the social impacts of technology. The actual subject of this book are the techno-libertarians of USA, but maybe there's some anarcho-capitalism, social Darwinistic metaphors and excitement about the Hobbesian war of all against all to be found in the demoscene as well? See more details in http://www.cyberselfish.com.
	Dimmen, Pål (2003): Datamaskinell Piratvirksomhet: Fra Altair Basic til Kazaa. Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen (University of Bergen). BibTeX
	A master's thesis that deals with the history of piracy and the cracking scene (which is closely related to demo culture history). Available only in Norwegian for now.
	Hoikkala, Tommi (1989): Nuorisokulttuurista kulttuuriseen nuoruuteen. Helsinki: Gaudeamus. BibTeX
	From Youth Culture to Cultural Youth. Tommi Hoikkala is a fan and youth culture researcher, who doesn't talk about computer enthousiasts at all, but as Saarikoski (2001a) points out, Hoikkala's observations are still well applicatory to the demoscene. The youth fan cultures are described as promoting their own practices and values as well as possessing a strong social sense of belonging together. Even more similarly, it is typical of a fan culture to harness creativity by making their own artwork. For more on demoscene as a subculture, see Saarikoski (2001a, 60-64).
	Kangas, Sonja & Kuure, Tapio (eds.) (2003): Teknologisoituva nuoruus. Nuorisotutkimusverkosto/Nuorisotutkimusseura. BibTeX
	The Technologising Youth offers to draw a holistic picture of youth and new technology, which any researcher should address to place demoscene in it's context. As a welcome insight, the book also introduces some empirical studies on the subjects. The abstract mentions new forms of participation and learning due to technology, which may well describe the demoscene. See http://www.nuorisotutkimusseura.fi/index.php?osio=julkaisut&sisalto=teknologia for the whole description.
	Levy, Steven (1994): Hackers. Dell Publishing. BibTeX
	A fundamental piece of work that deals with the different hackers ranging from 50's to the 80's. Starting with the "true hackers" of MIT Levy moves to the hardware hackers of the 70's and finally the game hackers of late 70's and early 80's. Filled with numerous lively anecdotes and characters the book is easy and entertaining to read. On the whole we warmly recommend this book to anyone who wishes to widen her picture of the computer culture and hobbyists.
	Moschitto, Denis & Sen, Evrim (2000): Hackertales. Geschichten von Freund + Feind. Germany: Tropen Verlag. BibTeX
	Hackertales - Tales about Friends + Enemies. A fictious book about a German phreaker. The authors are demosceners who have worked for groups such as Scoopex and Shining-8. Written in German. A description is available online at http://www.hackerland.de/.
	Moschitto, Denis & Sen, Evrim (2001): Hackerland. Das Logbuch der Szene. Germany: Tropen Verlag. Third revised edition. BibTeX
	Hackerland - the Logbook of the Scene. An introductory book to software piracy, phreakers and hacker culture. Scenes formed around illegal activities take a main role in the book, but there also are bits about demoscene and -parties (see pp. 110-120). The authors are demosceners who have worked for groups such as Scoopex and Shining-8. Written in German. A description is available online at http://www.hackerland.de/.
	Nissen, Jörgen (1993): Pojkarna Vid Datorn: Unga Entusiaster i Datateknikens Värld. Stockholm: Symposium Graduale. BibTeX
	Boys in front of computers, the young enthousiasts in the world of information technology. A sociological PhD thesis on the young Swedish computer users. We haven't found this one yet.
	Nordli, Hege (1998): Fra Spice Girls til Cyber Girls. En kvalitativ analyse av datafascinerte jenter i ungdomsskolen. STS-report 35, Centre for Technology and Society, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. BibTeX
	A research article written in Norwegian. Describes the attitudes of young computer enthousiast girls. Was later published in English as well (see below).
	Nordli, Hege (2001): From 'Spice Girls' to Cybergirls: The Role of Multimedia in the Construction of Young Girls' Fascination for and Interest in Computers. In van Lieshout, Marc; Egyedi, Tineke; Bijker, Wiebe (eds.): Social Learning Technologies. The introduction of multimedia in education. Ashgate Publishing, pp. 110-133. BibTeX
	The results of a research concerning the attitudes of young computer enthousiast girls ranging from 14 to 16 years of age. Discussion is provided on the gender roles as well as the importance of multimedia in education. An interesting finding is that not even the most enthousiastic girls want to be associated with nerds because of image reasons. Another interesting point is that big brothers tend to occupy the family computer which in turn leads to loss of interest. The study is a part of a larger trend: the Norwegian authorities were worried about the small number of women studying computer science or working in the computer industry. A bit different version of the study is available online.
	Rehn, Alf (2004): The politics of contraband - The honor economies of the warez scene. Journal of Socio-Economics 33, pp. 359-374. BibTeX
	An article that describes a system of modern gift economy in the warez scene. Rehn (2004, 366) writes about reputation tournaments and status maintaining that sound very familiar to a demoscener. The competitive producing is coined (Rehn 2004, 368) as institutional egoism, a term that may fit the demoscene as well. There are also interesting bits on how Rehn conducted the participatory ethnography for the research. You should however be reminded that the demoscene and warez scene are not the same thing: demoscene is for one not an inherently illegal, or in the eyes of the software industry and many others, immoral subculture (cf. Rehn 2004, 365). Indeed, the artifacts produced by the demoscene differ so vastly from the warez scene ones that a separate social analysis is necessary. The article is available online at http://www.alfrehn.com/Texts/Rehn%20-%20The%20politics%20of%20contraband%20copy.pdf.
	Turkle, Sherry (1984): The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit. Simon and Schuster. BibTeX
	An influential book that deals with the complex relationship of computers and humans. In her research project Turkle studied a large number of people ranging from kids to oldschool hackers and computer science students. The way that Turkle treats her informants is exemplary: she clearly respects their points of view and tries to understand them. An important theme that pops up throughout the book is the role of the computer as a mirror of the human spirit. Turkle's text is easy to follow and doesn't need prior knowledge on either computers or psychology to be understood. Since 1984 a lot has changed, but the main points made in the book still remain valid.
	Wajcman, Judy (1991): Feminism Confronts Technology. Polity Press. BibTeX
	In the book's chapter "Technology as Masculine Culture", Judy Wajcman looks how the computer has become socially constructed as a male domain. Through examples from professional and hacker worlds we see, how computers are associated with boys and men, and why girls approach the computer with less confidence than boys. These findings are in line with Sherry Turkle's (1984) ones, though Wajcman rightfully disagrees with Turkle's view that the gender divides represent basic psychological sex differences between women and men. All in all, the chapter as well as the book are an enlightening read, if a bit extreme at the same time. That computers embody the rational, logical model of male reasoning is revealed, but this model might be and hopefully is less universal than Wajcman suggests.

Online


	Brandt, Felix: Atari ST demo history
	The history of Atari ST demos from 1987 to 1999 written by Flix/Delta Force. In addition to short descriptions and screenshots you can actually download all the demos as well. http://www7.in.tum.de/~brandtf/ataridemos.html
	The demoskene.katastro.fi exhibition (2003)
	The demoskene.katastro.fi exhibition was held in Kiasma, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Helsinki between 28.3-15.6.2003, curated by Lassi Tasajärvi. The demos shown were from Byterapers, Virtual Dreams, CNCD, Parallax, Maturefurk, Komplex, Tpolm, Doomsday, Orange and various permutations of katastro.fi members. See http://demoskene.katastro.fi for more information.
	Demoscene entry at Wikipedia
	Quite a nice overview that seems to receive updates every now and then. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoscene
	The Eurochart online
	The Eurochart has documented the Amiga scene since 1989. Competition is a fundamental part of the culture and the charts reveal the popularity of groups, individuals and productions through the years. http://www.eurochart.dk/
	Green, Dave (1995): Demo or Die! Wired, Issue 3.07.
	Yet another introduction to demos, written in a slightly cheapening tone -- scene people are referred to as "kids". However, connects demos to other phenomena of the time. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.07/democoders.html
	Gruetzmacher, Thomas (2004): PC Demoscene FAQ
	Located here: http://tomaes.32x.de/text/pcdemoscene_faq.txt. Explains many of the fundamental concepts and terms used in the scene.
	Intros.c64.org
	A site dedicated to the crack intros on Commodore 64. Extensive collection of intros available for download. http://intros.c64.org/
	Järvinen, Aki (2000): Demoscene Sub or Pop?
	A lecture held in Tampere University. The slides disappeared for a couple of years but the author kindly provided them for us: digital_subcultures.pdf
	Kuittinen, Petri (2001): Computer Demos - The Story So Far
	A quite often referenced web page containing yet another introduction to the phenomenon, several links and images plus a glossary. http://mlab.uiah.fi/~eye/demos/
	Leonard, Jim (1995?-1998): PC Demos Explained
	A classic site by Jim Leonard aka. Trixter of Hornet. Widely known among the sceners and an often referenced source. Nowadays out of date, but still useful if you want to know how things were seen in 1996. This is a new mirror for the page: http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/trixter/index.html.
	Lunder, Glenn (1996-): ExoticA! Scenery Project
	An enormous collection of Amiga and Commodore 64 demo group information. Includes group members, ex-members and productions. http://exotica.fix.no/info/scenery/
	MindCandy
	A project producing DVDs with classic demos. A nice way of viewing hard-to-run old productions on modern hardware. http://www.mindcandydvd.com/
	origami digital - Demos without restrictions exhibition (2002-2003)
	A demoscene exhibition held in the Museum of Applied Arts Frankfurt between 10.12.2002-20.2.2003. At the exhitibions website http://www.digitalcraft.org/index.php?artikel_id=411 you'll find short introductionary texts to demoscene. As for the exhibition's name, the artefact of an origami serves as a comparison for demos: the japanese art of folding papers to complexe figures also underlies various restrictions. Aside from this, Digitalcraft also hosts other interesting exhibitions about the craftmanship culture of computing.
	Pouët.net
	The most active demo scene portal of today featuring thousands of productions with screenshots and discussion. http://www.pouet.net/
	Raymond, Eric S. (2003): The Jargon File, version 4.4.7
	The definitive hacker slang dictionary which was later also published as a book called The New Hacker's Dictionary. http://catb.org/jargon/
	Tasajärvi, Lasse et al (2005-): Demoscene: the art of real time
	Accompanying pages for Tasajärvi's book DEMOSCENE: the art of real-time. http://www.evenlakestudios.com/books/
	Volko, Claus-Dieter (1998-): Demoscene articles
	Several writings of Claus-Dieter Volko (Adok/Hugi). Mostly from and about disk magazines -- or diskmags as they are called. http://www.hugi.scene.org/adok/
	Vuorinen, Jukka (2004): Cracking parties
	At Sociology days 2004 held in Jyväskylä Finland, Jukka Vuorinen coordinated a working group about party cultures introducing cracking parties for his own part. The abstract of his speech is available in Finnish at http://people.cc.jyu.fi/~vmsalmi/sosiologipaivat/tr_juhla.htm.
	Walleij, Linus (1998): Copyright finns inte, V3.0.
	An online book in Swedish by Linus Walleij, aka. Kingfisher/Triad. Contains a lot of text on different digital subcultures such as hacking, cracking, demoscene and cyberpunk. In addition to that there is a rather large bibliography on underground topics. The link: http://www.df.lth.se/~triad/book/